Reading Time: 15 minutes

Cashew Outturn & KOR

Complete Guide: Definition, Formula, Calculator & Machine Benchmarks

Cashew outturn — or KOR (Kernel Outturn Ratio) — is the single number that determines the commercial value of every bag of raw cashew nuts and the operational performance of every cutting machine on your factory floor. This complete guide covers the official ComCashew formula, all 7 kernel defect categories, origin-specific benchmarks across 14 countries, the moisture-steam science behind whole kernel recovery, and the direct relationship between your cutting machine design and the outturn you achieve.

What is Cashew Outturn?

Cashew outturn is the most important quality metric in the global cashew trade. It measures the weight of usable kernel you recover from a given quantity of raw cashew nuts — and it determines the commercial value of every bag traded between farmer, exporter, and processor.

The word itself matters. OUTTURN as a brand name was chosen deliberately because in the cashew processing industry, outturn is everything. When a factory manager says their outturn is good, they mean their whole kernel recovery rate is high. When a trader quotes outturn 48, they mean 48 pounds of usable kernel per 80 kg bag. Every conversation in the cashew value chain eventually comes back to this number.

Two Definitions — One Word

Outturn means different things depending on where you are in the cashew supply chain. Understanding both definitions is essential because confusing them leads to procurement errors and yield miscalculations.

Context	What ‘Outturn’ Means	Expressed As
RCN Trade	Weight of usable kernels from 80 kg bag of in-shell nuts — the cargo quality benchmark	Lbs per 80 kg bag (e.g. ‘Outturn 48’)
Factory / Processing	Percentage of whole kernels recovered from shelled nuts — the machine performance benchmark	% whole kernel recovery (e.g. ‘WKR 77%’)

Critical distinction: The trader’s KOR measures quality going into the factory. The factory’s WKR (Whole Kernel Recovery) measures what the cutting machine does with that input. A high-KOR cargo processed on a poorly calibrated machine can produce poor WKR. A lower-KOR cargo on a precisely set OUTTURN machine can still produce premium grade W320 and W240 whole kernels.

What KOR Stands For

KOR stands for Kernel Outturn Ratio — or in some trade documents, Kernel Output Ratio. Both mean the same thing. Other terms you will encounter:

• Outturn — most common in West Africa, Vietnam, India
• KOR — universal trade acronym
• Out-turn (hyphenated) — formal documentation variant
• Kernel yield — sometimes used by buyers and food manufacturers
• WKO (Whole Kernel Outturn) — used in academic and laboratory contexts

Who Measures Outturn — And When

Quality control using outturn occurs at multiple points throughout the cashew supply chain:

• Farmers — measure outturn to justify asking price and avoid undervaluation by buyers
• Local buyers — test incoming batches to avoid accepting below-grade lots from suppliers
• Exporters — check quality at major ports (Abidjan, Tema, Lomé) before shipment to Asia
• Local shelling factories — test RCN on arrival before processing; quality deteriorates during storage

Factory timing note: Always test RCN just before processing — not only at purchase. A cargo that passed inspection at the port may have degraded during transit and storage. A second cutting test on factory arrival is best practice and protects your whole kernel recovery rate from the first shift.

Equipment Required for the KOR Cutting Test

The following is the official ComCashew/GIZ equipment list. All items are required to conduct an accurate and commercially defensible KOR test:

Equipment	Purpose	Specification
Electronic balance	Weigh the sample and all kernel categories	Precision 0.5 gram minimum
Catheter bag (sampling tube)	Extract nuts from bags during sampling	Metal or rigid plastic probe
Cashew scissors	Cut each nut through its natural seam	Specially designed for shelling RCN
Scooper	Extract kernel from shell after cutting	Adapted screwdriver or local craft item
Plastic buckets	Hold mother sample and sub-samples	One bucket per sub-sample
4 coloured bowls	Sort kernels by category during classification	Green, yellow, blue, red — one per category
Latex gloves	Protect hands from CNSL during cutting	CNSL causes severe chemical burns — mandatory

Safety: Always wear latex gloves during the cutting test. Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) contains anacardic acid which causes severe skin irritation and burns on contact with bare skin.

Sampling Procedure — The Mother Sample Method

Accurate KOR calculation depends entirely on representative sampling. A poor sample will give a wrong KOR result regardless of how carefully the formula is applied. The official procedure uses the mother sample and quarter method.

Step 1 — Collect the Mother Sample

Use a catheter bag probe to extract nuts from different bags throughout the lot. Sampling frequency by batch size:

• Large batches (30–40 tonnes) — sample 1 in every 10 bags
• Small batches (15–20 tonnes) — sample 1 in every 5 bags
• Buyer receiving cargo — sample each bag individually; this prevents suppliers from hiding poor-quality bags in the middle of the shipment

Mix all collected nuts on a flat clean surface to create a homogeneous pile — this is the mother sample.

Step 2 — Compose Sub-Samples Using the Quarter Method

Divide the mother sample into 4 equal quarters. Compose two sub-samples from opposite quarters:

• Sample 1 = Quarter 1 + Quarter 3
• Sample 2 = Quarter 2 + Quarter 4

Each sub-sample is weighed to approximately 1 kg. This is W1, the reference weight for all calculations. W1 should fall between 998g and 1002g.

Witness sample: Keep a 1 kg witness sample separate from both sub-samples. If the test result is disputed, the witness sample can be used for a retest without needing to return to the original lot.

The Official KOR Formula — Complete Variable System

The official ComCashew formula uses five weight variables (W1 through W5). Understanding all five enables you to calculate KOR, defective rate, and nut count from a single sample — the complete quality picture in one test.

Variable Definitions

Var.	Refers To	What It Contains	Bowl
W1	Sample weight	Total weight of the 1 kg sample (998–1002g)	—
W2	Good kernels + testa	Wholesome kernels with inner skin intact — 100% accepted	Green bowl
W3	50%-group kernels + shells	Spotted and premature kernels still inside their shells — weighed combined	Blue (before shelling)
W4	50%-group kernels only	Same spotted and premature kernels after extraction from shells — kernels only	Blue (after shelling)
W5	100%-rejected kernels + shells	Stunted, mouldy, brown, moth-eaten, empty — weighed with shells	Red bowl

The Formulas

Nut Count = N / W1   // N = number of nuts counted before cutting

Useful Kernels (g) = W2 + (W4 / 2)   // W4 halved applies the 50% acceptance rate

KOR (lbs/80kg) = Useful Kernels (g) × 0.176   // Factor 0.176 = 80 ÷ 454 — converts g from 1kg sample to lbs per 80kg bag

Defective Rate (%) = (W3 + W5) / W1 × 100   // Quick test — if >24% the batch is typically rejected without proceeding to full KOR

Alternative full formula from ComCashew official documentation:

Out-Turn = % of useful kernels / 100 × 80 × (1 / 0.45359)   // Mathematically identical to × 0.176 — makes the unit conversion explicit

Quick Estimate Formula (Planning Only)

Kernel weight (kg) ≈ RCN weight (kg) × 0.22   // Rough estimate only — not for commercial use

Warning: The 0.22 multiplier is a rough estimate that can be 15–25% wrong depending on origin, season, and storage conditions. Always use the full 5-step procedure for commercial procurement decisions.

Official Worked Example — ComCashew Technical Manual

Measurement	Value	Notes
Good kernels (W2) with testa	264 g	100% accepted
Spotted kernels (W4 portion) ÷ 2	15 ÷ 2 = 7.5 g	50% accepted
Premature kernels (W4 portion) ÷ 2	24 ÷ 2 = 12 g	50% accepted
All useful kernels	264 + 7.5 + 12 = 283.5 g
KOR	283.5 × 0.176 = 49.9 lbs	Standard grade

Kernel Classification — All 7 Defect Categories

Every kernel in the sample must be classified into one of the following categories. This classification determines its contribution to KOR. Correct classification is the most skill-intensive part of the test and requires good lighting and trained inspectors.

100% Accepted — Green Bowl

GOOD KERNELS — 100% ACCEPTEDWholesome, complete kernels with no flaws. Sound, light ivory or cream colour. Testa (inner skin) intact. No spots, marks, discolouration, or damage. Weighed with their testa as W2.

50% Accepted — Blue Bowl

SPOTTED KERNELS — 50% ACCEPTEDReceived insect bites before the shell developed, resulting in at least one black spot or black mark. Parts without spots are consumable. Because only part is affected, 50% is accepted.

PREMATURE KERNELS — 50% ACCEPTEDShriveled, underdeveloped kernels harvested too early. Not fully formed but partially usable. Because part of the kernel is commercially usable, 50% is accepted.

100% Rejected — Red Bowl

Five defect types are 100% rejected. They contribute 0% to KOR and are all counted together as W5 for the defective rate calculation.

STUNTED NUTS	MOULDY KERNELS	BROWN KERNELS	MOTH-EATEN	EMPTY NUTS
Small nuts with underdeveloped kernels. Water stress or tree abortion. Kernel too small to be useful.	White marks from poor drying or humid storage. Fungal growth has affected the kernel. Entirely rejected.	Nut too long on ground after falling. Oily, yellowish throughout. Rancidity makes it unusable.	Eaten by insects. Yellow powder (frass) visible inside cavity. Structurally destroyed.	No kernel inside or only a shriveled fragment. White marks from poor drying. No commercial value.

Classification tip: Good lighting is essential — spotted kernels look like good kernels in poor light. Look for: black marks (spotted), yellowish colour throughout (brown), yellow powder inside (moth-eaten). Train inspectors with reference samples from each defect category.

KOR Grading Scale — What Your Number Means

KOR (lbs/80kg)	Grade	Trade Status	What It Means
Below 40	Poor	Typically rejected	High defect rate — not commercially viable at standard prices
40–43	Below Standard	Deep discount required	Accepted only at significant price reduction
43–47	Acceptable	Standard contract	Commercially traded — typical Nigeria, late-season West Africa
47–50	Good	Full market price	Standard grade for Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, early-season Nigeria
50–54	Excellent	Premium pricing	Tanzania, Mozambique, Indonesia, Guinea-Bissau peak season
54+	Premium	Price premium + strong demand	Top-tier Indonesia, exceptional Tanzania new crop

Real-world 2026 benchmark: Nigeria early 2026 season KOR trading at 47–49 lbs. Cote d’Ivoire early crop showing lower outturn than previous years. Tanzania and Mozambique remain premium origins. Indonesian RCN consistently exceeds 53 lbs on new crop.

KOR Benchmarks by Origin — 14 Origins

No single source in the cashew industry publishes comprehensive origin-specific KOR benchmarks alongside nut count, size profile, and processing implications. This table consolidates data from procurement records, inspection reports, and African Cashew Alliance documentation:

Origin	KOR Range	Grade	Nuts/kg	D-Grade %	Season	Processing Note
Indonesia	53–57	Premium	~158	4%	Sept–Feb	Largest nuts, highest WKR, easiest to cut
Vietnam	50–54	Excellent	~162	4%	Feb–May	Consistent quality, domestic processing dominant
Tanzania	51–55	Excellent	~185	8%	Sept–Feb	Premium East Africa, strong whole kernel yield
Mozambique	49–53	Excellent	~190	9%	Oct–Feb	Solid outturn, counter-seasonal supply
Guinea-Bissau	49–53	Excellent	~178	6%	Mar–Jun	Best West Africa for size and KOR
Cambodia	50–54	Excellent	~170	5%	Feb–May	Rapidly growing, large nut profile
Cote d’Ivoire	46–50	Good	~185	7%	Feb–Jun	World’s largest volume, variable quality
Benin	48–52	Good–Excellent	~182	7%	Mar–Jul	Often above-average for West Africa
Ghana	47–50	Good	~195	12%	Mar–Jun	Moderate KOR, higher D-grade fraction
Senegal/Gambia	47–51	Good	~183	7%	Apr–Jul	Similar profile to Guinea-Bissau
Burkina Faso	45–49	Acceptable–Good	~195	10%	Mar–Jun	Landlocked logistics add cost
Nigeria	43–49	Acceptable–Good	~220	15%	Mar–Jul	Highest nut count, lowest KOR in West Africa
India	46–50	Good	~210	11%	Feb–May	Domestic processing absorbs most crop
Brazil	46–50	Good	~175	8%	Sept–Jan	Counter-seasonal, limited export volume

D-Grade % is the most important column for cutting machine selection. Nigeria’s 15% D-grade fraction requires 3–4× more machine capacity at the D-grade stream than Indonesian or Vietnamese RCN processing the same total volume.

The Four Quality Parameters — Beyond KOR

KOR is the headline number but experienced buyers and processors always assess all four parameters together before making procurement decisions. Reading any single parameter in isolation leads to poor decisions.

1. KOR (Kernel Outturn Ratio)

Covered in full above. The primary commercial benchmark — expressed as lbs per 80 kg bag.

2. Nut Count

The number of nuts per kilogram of RCN, measured by counting the sample before cutting. Expressed as nuts/kg. Combined with KOR, nut count tells you the size of the kernels you will recover — larger kernels command higher prices at every grade.

Nut Count	Nut Size	Trade Premium	Cutting Implication
< 160/kg	Very large (A+ dominant)	Highest premium	Fewer cuts/kg — faster throughput, lowest uncut risk
160–180/kg	Large (A grade)	Premium	Standard high-productivity range
180–210/kg	Medium (B grade)	Standard	Most common commercial range
210–230/kg	Small (C grade)	Discount	More cuts/kg — lower throughput per machine
> 230/kg	Very small (D grade)	Significant discount	Highest uncut rate risk — dedicated machine calibration essential

3. Moisture Content — The Science Behind Whole Kernel Outturn

Moisture content is the most misunderstood quality parameter because its effect on outturn is not linear — it interacts with both nut size and steam exposure time. Getting moisture right is not just a storage concern; it directly determines WKR on your cutting machines.

The moisture ranges and their effects:

• Below 6% — kernels become brittle and fragile; breakage rate rises sharply during cutting; shells do not split cleanly even with correct blade gap
• 7–10% — optimal range; shells split cleanly at the seam, kernels remain elastic and absorb blade contact without shattering
• Above 10% — risk of mould growth during storage and sea transit; shells may compress rather than split, leading to kernel bruising
• Above 12% — significant quality risk; cargo may be rejected by inspection agencies; cutting performance severely compromised

Scientific finding: Research published in the Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences confirms that whole kernel outturn during shelling is maximised at moisture contents of 8.34% for large and small nuts (combined with 30 min and 28 min steam respectively) and 11.80% for medium nuts (combined with 32 min steam) at 700 kPa. The single most important finding: neither moisture alone nor steam time alone determines WKO. It is always an interaction of moisture × nut size × steam time. Optimising only one factor without the others produces suboptimal results.

Nut Size	Optimal Moisture	Optimal Steam Time	Pressure
Large nuts (26–35mm)	8.34% wet basis	30 minutes	700 kPa
Medium nuts (23–25mm)	11.80% wet basis	32 minutes	700 kPa
Small nuts (< 23mm)	8.34% wet basis	28 minutes	700 kPa

Practical implication: when processing Nigerian origin RCN (high D-grade = many small nuts), steam time should be 28–30 minutes. When processing Indonesian RCN (A+ dominant), 30–32 minutes is optimal. Applying a single steam time across all origins is one of the most common causes of avoidable WKR loss in African processing factories.

4. Total Defective Rate

The percentage of nuts in the sample that are defective: bad/rotten, void, insect-damaged, mouldy, or severely premature. Faster to calculate than KOR — gives a first impression of cargo quality before the full cutting test is performed.

• Under 10% — low defect rate; standard commercial grade
• 10–16% — acceptable; some buyers negotiate a price adjustment
• 16–24% — below grade; significant discount or blending required
• Over 24% — typically rejected by major processors; batch commercially compromised

How Your Cutting Machine Determines Your Outturn

This is the section that exists nowhere else in the cashew industry’s published resources. Every guide covers KOR as a procurement metric — what you buy. Nobody covers KOR as a production metric — what your machine creates from what you bought. OUTTURN cutting machines are designed around one principle: maximise whole kernel recovery from every size grade of RCN, across every origin, on every shift.

The Three Machine Factors That Control Whole Kernel Recovery

Factor 1 — Blade Gap Calibration Per Grade

The cutting blade must be set to a gap that precisely matches the diameter of the nut being processed. Too wide: the blade fails to cut cleanly through the shell — high uncut rate. Too narrow: the blade compresses the kernel before the shell opens — kernel damage and breakage.

Grade	Nut Diameter	Blade Gap	Uncalibrated Result	OUTTURN Approach
A+	26–35 mm	Widest setting	Smaller grades crushed	Dedicated 2-head machine
A	23–25 mm	Wide setting	C/D grades damaged	Dedicated 4-head machine
B	20–22 mm	Medium setting	D-grade uncut	Dedicated 6-head machine
C	18–19 mm	Narrow setting	Shell fragments in kernel	Dedicated 8-head machine
D	< 18 mm	Narrowest setting	High breakage rate	Dedicated 4-head machine

Factor 2 — Per-Grade Machine Dedication

Running mixed-size grades through a single machine is the single biggest cause of poor WKR in cashew factories. A machine calibrated for B-grade will shatter D-grade nuts and under-cut A+ grade nuts in the same stream. This is the exact same logic the KOR cutting test applies: each kernel category is sorted and weighed separately — because mixing them produces meaningless results. Your cutting line must apply the same discipline.

OUTTURN machines are deployed one configuration per grade — never mixed. The cutting line design assigns a dedicated machine to each grade stream, sized to that grade’s throughput share. This is why OUTTURN machines consistently achieve 72–77% whole kernel recovery where poorly configured lines achieve 55–65%.

The grade isolation principle: Pre-sort RCN by size grade BEFORE the cutting stage. Each grade (A+, A, B, C, D) runs on its own dedicated machine calibrated to the correct blade gap for that nut diameter. This is non-negotiable for premium whole kernel output.

Factor 3 — Horizontal Rotary vs Vertical Piston Mechanism

OUTTURN machines use a horizontal rotary cutting mechanism — the nut is placed in a cup, the cup rotates continuously into the blade plane, the blade splits the shell, and the nut is discharged. The cycle repeats without direction reversal. This contrasts with vertical piston machines (the dominant design from India) where a blade strikes downward and then reverses direction on every stroke.

Performance Factor	Horizontal Rotary (OUTTURN — Vietnam design)	Vertical Piston (India design)
Cutting mechanism	Continuous rotary cycle — no direction reversal	Reciprocating — reverses direction on every stroke
Throughput per kW	Higher — motor continuously in motion	Lower — direction reversal wastes energy
D-grade uncut rate	5–8% — cups seat small nuts consistently	12–18% — small nuts shift in the guide during reversal
D-grade breakage	Low — consistent blade contact angle	High — reversal impact damages small fragile kernels
A+ grade handling	Excellent — gap adjusts cleanly for large nuts	Variable — piston speed affects cut quality on large nuts
Blade change time	< 5 minutes	10–20 minutes
CNSL resistance	Full CNSL-resistant design throughout	Varies by manufacturer
Energy per 100kg	Lowest in class — 0.75 kW all configurations	Higher motor load per equivalent throughput
Best for	All origins — especially West Africa high D-grade	Large uniform nuts — Vietnam, Indonesia domestic

The horizontal rotary advantage is most pronounced on Nigerian and Ghanaian origin nuts — the origins with the highest D-grade fraction. This is precisely where the rotary mechanism’s consistent cup seating of small nuts delivers its greatest commercial impact. On D-grade nuts, the piston’s reversal stroke creates a second impact on the already-opened nut, causing breakage that the rotary design avoids entirely.

OUTTURN Whole Kernel Recovery Performance by Origin

The table below shows WKR rates achieved by OUTTURN cutting machines under correctly calibrated per-grade conditions, compared to industry average:

RCN Origin	OUTTURN WKR	Industry Avg WKR	OUTTURN Advantage	Key Differentiating Factor
Indonesia	76–77%	68–72%	+5–8%	Largest nuts, most uniform size profile
Vietnam	75–77%	70–74%	+3–5%	Consistent size across batches
Tanzania	74–76%	67–71%	+5–7%	Good A/B grade uniformity
Guinea-Bissau	73–76%	66–70%	+5–8%	Very low D-grade fraction
Cote d’Ivoire	71–74%	64–68%	+5–7%	Variable origin quality managed by per-grade isolation
Ghana	70–73%	62–67%	+6–8%	High D-grade — rotary mechanism critical
Nigeria	70–73%	60–65%	+8–10%	Highest D-grade — biggest machine impact of all origins
India	72–75%	66–70%	+5–7%	Mixed size profile — grade isolation essential

Outturn From Three Perspectives

The same metric means different things depending on where you sit in the cashew supply chain. Here is how to read outturn data for your specific role.

If You Are a Farmer or Cooperative

Your outturn determines your negotiating position. Buyers test your cargo with the cutting test before setting the price. A KOR above 48 lbs puts you in the standard commercial range. Above 50 lbs gives you leverage for a premium. Below 43 lbs and you face rejection or heavy discounting.

What you can control:

• Harvest timing — harvest fully ripe nuts only; premature nuts reduce KOR by 3–8 lbs
• Drying — sun-dry for 4 days to reach 7–10% moisture; wet nuts show lower KOR on the cutting test
• Storage — use jute bags only; maintain dry conditions; check every 2 weeks for mould
• Nut count — report nut count honestly; buyers who receive smaller nuts than stated lose trust permanently
• Learn the test — if you know your KOR before the buyer tests, you negotiate from knowledge, not hope

If You Are a Trader or Importer

KOR is your risk management tool. Every lb difference changes your processing economics and the kernel value you deliver to your processor buyer.

A 1 lb difference in KOR from a 100-tonne cargo at $3.50/lb kernel price:

100 tonnes ÷ 0.08 kg/bag × 1 lb × $3.50 = ~$4,375 value difference per lb of KOR

Always conduct your own cutting test on every consignment before shipment — never rely solely on the seller’s stated KOR. Request the full W1–W5 weighting sheet, not just the final number — it reveals the composition of the batch (high W5 means high defects; high W4 means spotted cargo). Use independent agencies (SGS, Vinocontrol, RBS) for transactions above 50 tonnes.

If You Are a Factory Operator or Processor

You manage two outturn numbers simultaneously: the RCN KOR (what you bought) and the WKR (what your machine delivers). Your profitability sits in the gap between the two.

Every percentage point of WKR improvement on a 5-ton/day factory:

5,000 kg/day × 0.22 recovery × 0.01 WKR gain × $3.50/kg kernel × 250 days = $9,625/year

A 5% WKR improvement on a mid-size factory is worth $40,000–$50,000 in annual revenue. This is why correct cutting machine selection, per-grade dedication, moisture management, and blade calibration are not operational preferences — they are financial decisions.

OUTTURN machine design target: Achieve 77% whole kernel recovery on well-graded, properly steamed RCN across all major origins. This is the benchmark every machine leaves our Binh Phuoc factory tested against — WKR result documented and shipped with the machine.

How to Improve Your Cashew Outturn — Practical Steps

Improving RCN KOR — For Procurement

• Source from premium origins first: Tanzania, Indonesia, Guinea-Bissau for KOR above 50
• Buy early in the season: new crop nuts consistently show 2–5 lbs higher KOR than late-season
• Require full W1–W5 cutting test certificates from independent labs for every consignment above 20 tonnes
• Specify moisture at origin: maximum 9% at loading — test with calibrated moisture meters
• Avoid blended-origin shipments: mixed profiles make cutting machine calibration impossible

Improving Factory WKR — For Processing

• Grade RCN by size before cutting — never run mixed grades through a single machine
• Calibrate blade gap for each grade at the start of every shift — especially after origin changeover
• Optimise steam time per nut size: 28 min for small, 30 min for large, 32 min for medium — at 700 kPa
• Maintain moisture at 8–10% going into the cutting stage — check with moisture meter before each batch
• Replace carbide-tipped blades on schedule: measurable WKR decline after 200–300 hours on abrasive African origins
• Monitor WKR shift by shift: weigh whole kernels out vs RCN in; calculate and log daily — trends reveal problems early
• Use OUTTURN’s Cutting Machine Design Calculator to size your line correctly per grade and per origin

Frequently Asked Questions

More Cashew Processing Resources

• Cashew Outturn Calculation Formula (step-by-step methodology) → cashew-machine.org
• Cashew Calculator (interactive quality assessment tool for RCN sampling) → cashewplus.com
• How to Design a Cashew Cutting Line (7-step guide) → cashew-technology.com/how-to-design-a-cashew-cutting-line/
• OUTTURN Cutting Machine Range (2-head to 12-head) → cashew-technology.com/
• Cutting Machine Design Calculator → cashew-technology.com (homepage)

Get a cutting line recommendation: Tell OUTTURN your daily RCN volume, origin, and shift hours. We recommend the correct machine configuration per grade — free, with factory-direct pricing. WhatsApp: +84 979 378 602

Official KOR methodology source: The W1–W5 variable system and sampling procedure in this guide follow the ComCashew/GIZ Technical Manual ‘How to Estimate the Quality of Raw Cashew Nuts (RCN)’ — the international standard used by inspection agencies and commodity boards worldwide.